William Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest playwright in English literature. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, England, in 1564 and died in 1616. His works are still performed all over the world and have been translated into every major language.

威廉·莎士比亚被广泛认为是英国文学史上最伟大的剧作家。他于1564年出生在英国斯特拉福德，于1616年去世。他的作品仍在全世界上演，并被翻译成了每一种主要语言。

Shakespeare wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets. His plays are divided into three categories: comedies, tragedies, and histories. Some of his most famous plays include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth, and Othello.

莎士比亚写了38部剧作和154首十四行诗。他的剧作分为三类：喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。他最著名的剧作包括《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》和《奥赛罗》。

Shakespeare's plays are known for their complex characters, intricate plots, and beautiful language. He is often credited with creating some of the most memorable characters in literature, such as Romeo, Juliet, Hamlet, and Lady Macbeth. His plays explore universal themes such as love, jealousy, revenge, and ambition.

莎士比亚的剧作以其复杂的人物、错综复杂的情节和美丽的语言而闻名。他常被认为是创造了文学中一些最令人难忘的角色，如罗密欧、朱丽叶、哈姆雷特和麦克白夫人。他的剧作探讨了普遍的主题，如爱情、嫉妒、复仇和野心Shakespeare's influence on English literature and language cannot be overstated. He is credited with inventing many words and phrases that are still in use today, such as "all that glitters is not gold," "to be or not to be," and "fair play." His works have also inspired countless adaptations, from movies to operas to ballets.

 莎士比亚对英国文学和语言的影响不可高估。他被认为发明了许多至今仍在使用的词语和短语，如“闪光的不一定都是金子”、“生存还是毁灭”和“公平竞争”。他的作品也启发了无数的改编，从电影到歌剧到芭蕾舞。 

 William Shakespeare is a towering figure in English literature whose works continue to be celebrated and studied today. His plays are timeless and universal, and his influence on language and culture is immeasurable. He truly deserves his place as the greatest playwright in English literature.

莎士比亚是英国文学中的一座巨人，他的作品今天仍然受到赞扬和研究。他的剧作是永恒和普遍的，他对语言和文化的影响也是不可估量的。他真正应该被称为英国文学史上最伟大的剧作家。

本期书单推介莎士比亚的三本著作，欢迎大家潜入莎士比亚的蔚蓝海洋。

Julius Caesar

I561.33/21

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Julius Caesar is a play written by the British playwright William Shakespeare. The plot of Julius Caesar revolves around the struggle between two political factions in ancient Rome.

In the play, Caesar is the representative of the dictatorial faction, who is highly successful and ambitious, and desires to expand his power. He is determined to become King, and the conspiracy against him is led by Cassius and others. The republican faction, led by Cassius, opposes individual power and wants to eliminate Caesar's influence. However, they tried to persuade Brutus, a respected figure, to join their cause. Under Brutus' leadership, the republicans assassinate Caesar. Afterward, Caesar's trusted advisor Antony delivers a passionate speech to the Roman people, inciting them to change their minds and turn against Brutus. Brutus and his followers are then expelled from Rome. Finally, surrounded by Antony's troops, Brutus commits suicide, and the republicans are defeated.

The play uses ancient Rome as a metaphor for contemporary England, exploring the complex and conflicting relationships between authoritarianism, aristocratic democracy, and popular sentiment during Queen Elizabeth I's reign.

《裘力斯·凯撒》（又译尤利乌斯·恺撒、朱利叶斯·凯撒）是英国剧作家莎士比亚创作的戏剧作品。《裘力斯·凯撒》的剧情是围绕古罗马的两个政治党派之间的斗争展开。

在剧中，凯撒是独裁派的代表，他功高位尊，极力扩大自己的势力，皇袍加身势在必行；而以凯歇斯等人为首的共和派则反对个人专权，企图铲除凯撒势力，但势单力薄，于是撺掇德高望重的勃鲁托斯参与他们的行动。在勃鲁托斯的带领下，共和派刺杀了凯撒。之后，凯撒的心腹安东尼以热情的演说煽动罗马民众，使他们改变初衷，转而反对勃鲁托斯，并将勃鲁托斯等人逐出罗马城。最后，在安东尼等人的大兵围困下，勃鲁托斯自杀，共和派覆灭。 

该剧借古喻今，深入探讨了英国伊丽莎白一世时代专制集权、贵族民主和群众情绪三者之间的错综矛盾关系。 

Hamlet

I561.33/38

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This is the sad story of Hamlet, young Prince of Denmark, whose father died two months before the story begins. Hamlet' s father was King of Denmark and Hamlet was his only son. The king died a strange death while he was sleeping in the garden of his castle. It was believed that he had been bitten to death by a poisonous snake. He was such a wise and kind king that he was loved by all the people in the nation. His son, Hamlet, of course, loved him far more than anyone else in the world...

讲述年轻丹麦王子哈姆雷特的悲伤故事，他的父亲在故事开始前两个月去世。哈姆雷特的父亲是丹麦国王，而哈姆雷特则是他的独生子。国王在城堡的花园中睡觉时突然离奇地死去，大家都认为他是被一条毒蛇给咬死的。他是一位睿智仁慈的国王，因此全国人民都很爱戴他。当然，国王的儿子哈姆雷特要比世上的任何人更爱他……

The Merchant of Venice

I561.33/13

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Antonio, a Venetian merchant, borrowed 3,000 ducats from Shylock, a Jewish moneylender in Belmont, to help his friend Bassanio. Antonio promised to repay the debt within three months and signed a contract stating that if he failed to do so, Shylock would cut a pound of flesh from Antonio's chest. Later, Antonio's merchant ship was wrecked, and he went bankrupt, unable to repay the debt. Shylock and Antonio went to court, and Shylock, seeking revenge for Antonio's previous verbal insults and business rivalry, insisted on cutting a pound of flesh from Antonio's chest.

Bassanio was currently marrying a wealthy woman, Portia, in Belmont. When he learned of this, he rushed back to Venice to save his friend. Portia secretly traveled to Venice with her maid, Nerissa, and posed as a lawyer to save Antonio, confiscating Shylock's property and giving it to Jessica and Lorenzo, who were in love.

威尼斯商人安东尼奥为了帮助好友巴萨尼奥去贝尔蒙特向犹太商人夏洛克借了三千钱，答应三个月后归还，并立下字据——若不能如期归还，夏洛克将从安东尼奥胸前割下一磅肉。后来安东尼奥商船遇海难，破产，无法还债。夏洛克和安东尼奥对簿公堂，夏洛克为报复安东尼奥以往对他的言语侮辱以及争强生意，一定要割下安东尼奥的肉。

巴萨尼奥此时正在贝尔蒙特迎娶富家女鲍西娅。得知后赶回威尼斯救友。鲍西娅私下同侍女尼莉莎到威尼斯假扮律师救了安东尼奥，并将夏洛克财产收走，赠予杰西卡与罗兰佐，成全这对恋人。