北京时间2023年10月5日晚7点，瑞典学院将今年的诺贝尔文学奖颁给了挪威剧作家约恩·福瑟（Jon Fosse），以表彰他“创新的戏剧和散文，为不可言说的事情发声”。
约恩·福瑟1959年出生于挪威西海岸的小镇豪格松德。他的剧作首次被译成中文是2014年由上海译文出版社出版的《有人将至：约恩·福瑟戏剧选》，该书译者邹鲁路认为“中国戏剧界应该要知道世界戏剧在发生什么”。
这位有着“新易卜生”称号的挪威剧作家，是当代欧美剧坛作品被搬演数量最多的在世剧作家，他的作品得过40多个国际大奖。但是福瑟的作品译成中文的并不多，这一次他的获奖让更多的国内读者认识到了这位备受推崇的挪威剧作家。
据悉，他的《三部曲》中文版也即将出版！那么在此之前，我们不妨先来读一读往年几位诺奖得主的代表作品吧！
#1
2017年诺贝尔文学奖得主，英国作家石黑一雄（Kazuo Ishiguro）
Never Let Me Go
《别让我走》
Never Let Me Go is charged throughout with a sense of the fragility of life. Kazuo Ishiguro imagines the lives of a group of students growing up in an exclusive boarding-school 'Hailsham' in the English countryside. 'Hailsham' was a place of intense friendships, mysterious rules, and 'guardians' who constantly reminded the students how special they were. The story is narrated by Kathy, now thirty-one, who looks back on their shared past and tells how she and her friends gradually came to understand the shocking reason for the careful nurturing they had received.
这是一个令人心碎的故事，石黑一雄用他细腻的笔触写尽人性的脆弱与希望。英格兰乡村深处的一所寄宿学校黑尔舍姆，幽静，神秘，孤立。校内的孩子们被监护人小心地照看着。凯茜、露丝和汤米就在这里悠然成长并接受着良好的教育，但他们的生活从不和外面世界有任何交集。成年后的凯茜回忆过往，渐渐发现记忆中无瑕的成长过程，处处都是骇人的问号，恍然间洞悉了学校的全部真相……
#2
2021年诺贝尔文学奖得主，坦桑尼亚裔英国作家阿卜杜勒-拉扎克·古尔纳（Abdulrazak Gurnah）
Afterlives
《来世》
When he was just a boy, Ilyas was stolen from his parents on the coast of east Africa by German colonial troops. After years away, he returns home to find his parents gone and his sister, Afiya, abandoned into de facto slavery. Hamza, too, returns home from the war, scarred in body and soul and with nothing but the clothes on his back–until he meets the beautiful, undaunted Afiya. As these young people live and work and fall in love, their fates are knotted ever more tightly together, the shadow of a new war on another continent falls over them, threatening once again to carry them away.
《来世》的故事发生在一百多年前的非洲。伊利亚斯还是个孩子的时候，就被德国殖民军队从东非海岸边拐走了。离家多年以后，伊利亚斯回到自己的村庄，得知父母早已去世，妹妹阿菲娅寄人篱下，说是收养，实则如奴隶般饱受虐待。哈姆扎同样从战场归来，肉体、精神都已伤痕累累，几乎一无所有——直到他遇见了美丽而勇敢的阿菲娅。随着这几个年轻人生活、工作和恋爱，他们的命运紧紧联系在了一起，而就在此时，战争的阴影又一次迫近，历经艰险才得以重聚的亲人又一次面临分离。
Memory of Departure
《离别的记忆》
Abdulrazak Gurnah's first novel, published in 1987, depicts poverty and depravity that wreak havoc on Hassan Omar's family. Amid great hardship he decides to escape.
The arrival of independence brings new upheavals as well as the betrayal of the promise of freedom. The new government, fearful of an exodus of its most able men, discourages young people from travelling abroad and refuses to release examination results. Deprived of a scholarship, Hassan travels to Nairobi to stay with a wealthy uncle, in the hope that he will release his mother's rightful share of the family inheritance. The collision of past secrets and future hopes, the compound of fear and frustration, beauty and brutality, create a fierce tale of undeniable power.
《离别的记忆》出版于1987年，是古尔纳的首部长篇小说。故事主人公哈桑•奥马尔出生在海滨小镇肯格一个贫困潦倒的阿拉伯裔穆斯林家庭。国家的独立带来了社会动荡和对自由承诺的背叛。新政府担心人才外流，迟迟不公布高中毕业考试结果。由于得不到奖学金，哈桑来到内罗毕投奔富有的艾哈迈德舅舅，期望要回母亲应得的家族遗产。在那里他发现了一个更大的世界，也看到了充斥于这座现代非洲城市的腐败和虚伪。与表妹萨尔玛的朦胧爱情燃起了哈桑对生活的希望，但丑陋的现实很快就将伴随一个令人不堪的家族秘密一道浮出水面……。
#3
2022年诺贝尔文学奖得主，法国作家安妮·埃尔诺（Annie Ernaux）
A Man’s Place
《一个男人的位置》
Annie Ernaux's father died exactly two months after she passed her practical examination for a teaching certificate. Barely educated and valued since childhood strictly for his labor, Ernaux's father had grown into a hard, practical man who showed his family little affection. He struggled to provide for his family with a grocery store in rural France.
Ernaux's cold observation reveals the shame that haunted her father throughout his life. Over the course of the book, Ernaux grows up to become the uncompromising observer now familiar to the world, while her father matures into old age with a staid appreciation for life as it is and for a daughter he cautiously, even reluctantly admires.
在通过教师资格考试两个月后,安妮·埃尔诺的父亲去世了。她以此为契机，讲述了一个男人的一生。埃尔诺的父亲早早离开学校，当过农民，做过工人，还开过一家小杂货店。他勤奋工作，谨言慎行，一辈子努力维持着一个男人在社会中的位置，却始终无法摆脱对滑落回下层社会的恐惧。
作者用冷酷的观察揭示了困扰她父亲一生的耻辱，全书贯穿着因阶层限制带来的父女之间的疏远和痛苦。这本父亲的传记也是一名知识分子女儿背叛的故事——背叛她的父母、她的成长环境，在亲情和耻辱之间，在归属和疏离之间的分裂。
