Page Turners = 扣人心弦的读物
Page Turners Land = 一处拥有众多令人爱不释手书籍的地方
“Like all ancient literature, the earliest Indian texts derive from oral traditions. The epic Mahābhārata and The Rāmāyaṇa are full of entertaining stories, spiritual conversations and sweeping cosmic battles.”
“与所有古代文学一样，最早的印度文本都来自于口述传统。史诗《摩诃婆罗多》和《罗摩耶那》都是有趣的故事，里面有精神对话，还有大规模的战役。”
01 A Tour of the World's Literature
“阅”游世界
Basemap-Blank Outline Map of World (India)
世界地图（印度）线稿示意图
*The basemap may not reflect National Geographic’s current map policy.
KEY WORDS 本期关键词
Poetry
诗歌
Speaking of Indian literature, everyone will surely think of Rabindranath Tagore.
讲到印度文学，大家一定会想到罗宾德拉纳特 · 泰戈尔。
Rabindranath Tagore
罗宾德拉纳特 · 泰戈尔
1861-1941
Tagore has many writings just name a few.
泰戈尔写过很多作品，比如：
Gitanjali
《吉檀迦利》
Stray Birds
《飞鸟集》
The Gardener
《园丁集》
The Crescent Moon
《新月集》
“If you shed tears when you miss the sun, you also miss the stars.”
“如果你因失去了太阳而流泪，那么你也将失去群星了。”
“We come nearest to the great when we are great in humility.”
“当我们是大为谦卑的时候，便是我们最接近伟大的时候。”
“Wrong cannot afford defeat but Right can.”
“错误经不起失败，但是真理却不怕失败。”
“We read the world wrong and say that it deceives us.”
“我们把世界看错了，反说它欺骗我们。”
“Let life be beautiful like summer flowers and Death like autumn leaves.”
“生如夏花之灿烂，死如秋叶之静美。”
—— Stray Birds by Robindranath Tagore
—— 罗宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔《飞鸟集》
Do you know any other Indian literature? Today let's take a look at Indian literature in ancient times.
你还知道其他的印度文学吗？今天就让我们一起来看看印度古代文学。
01
The Vedic Period
吠陀时期
Veda, meaning clarity, knowledge. It is the oldest Indian literary material and form of literature. It is handed down orally from one generation to another in India, collected over many years.
吠陀，意为明、知识，它是印度最古老的文献材料和文体形式，是印度人世代口口相传、长年累月结集而成的。
Vedic philosophers have made philosophical inquiries into the nature of the universe and the nature of man as a philosophical inquiry. It includes many specific classics, for example, the "Four Vedas".
吠陀哲学家对宇宙本原和人的本质进行哲学探究。它包括很多具体的经典,例如“四吠陀”。
The Rig Veda
《梨俱吠陀》
The Samaveda
《娑摩吠陀》
The Yajur-veda
《夜柔吠陀》
The Atharva-veda
《阿达婆吠陀》
02
The Epic Period
史诗时期
Two epics, the Mahābhārata and The Rāmāyaṇa, are the main representatives ancient Indian literature has entered the "epic period". The two major epics reflect the social life and literary achievements of ancient India in a concentrated manner.
以《摩诃婆罗多》《罗摩衍那》两大史诗为主要代表，印度古代文学进入了“史诗时期”。两大史诗集中地反映了古代印度的社会生活和文学成就。
Mahābhārata
《摩诃婆罗多》
“It is the longest poem in existence, ten times as long as the Iliad and the Odyssey combined.It dramatizes a cosmic war between gods and demons, with battles, heavenly cities and the pursuit of the good life.“
“它是现存最长的诗篇。十倍于《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》之和。这首诗表现了一场宇宙战争，诸神与恶魔之间的战争，有战斗、天堂之城，还有对美好生活的追求。”
Rāmāyaṇa
《罗摩衍那》
Rāmāyaṇa, it means "The Adventures of Rāma". “It tells the magical tale of Prince Rama an incarnation of Vishnu, who chose to take human form in order to battle the demon Ravana, who could only be slain by a mortal. The epic tale features vultures, monkey gods, love, loss and jealousy.”
梵语“罗摩衍那”，意思为“罗摩的历险经历”。它讲述了罗摩王子的神奇故事，罗摩王子是毗湿奴的化身，他选择化为人形与恶魔拉瓦纳作战，而拉瓦纳只能被凡人所杀。这个史诗般的故事以爱、失去和嫉妒为主题。
03
Classical Sanskrit Literature Period
古典梵语文学时期
Kālidāsa, the greatest writer of classical Sanskrit. Abhijnanashakuntala (“The Recognition of Shakuntala”) is Kālidāsa's masterpiece.
迦梨陀娑，古典梵文的最伟大作家，《沙恭达罗》是迦梨陀娑的杰作。
A play that dramatizes the Sankuntala episode from the Mahabharata. A king falls in love with a beautiful girl abandoned at birth. And the plot involves a magical ring, an angry hermit and a cosmic journey.
戏剧性地再现了《摩诃婆罗多》中的情节，一个国王爱上了一个美丽的女孩，她一出生就被遗弃。这剧情涉及一枚神奇的戒指，一个愤怒的隐士和一次宇宙旅行。
Although such a story seems more than banal today. But when Klidsa used the language of drama and turned it into theatre art
尽管这样一个故事，在今天看来再平淡不过。但是当迦梨陀娑用戏剧的语言把它变成舞台艺术的时候，故事变成了一部伟大的文学作品，千百年来深受世界各国读者的喜爱
The story became a great work of literature has been loved by readers all over the world for centuries.
02 A Tour of Chinese Literature
“阅”历九州
SHAKUNTALA
《沙恭达罗》
[印度] 迦梨陀娑 著
季羡林 译
"SHAKUNTALA is a drama in seven acts, which mainly depicts depicts the touching love story between the King and Shakuntala, which is happy and beautiful, but with many twists and turns. This story is loved by people from all countries. In China, there are many translators who have translated SHAKUNTALA. Among them, Mr. Ji's translation is directly based on the original Sanskrit. Mr. Ji has pointed out that the character of SHAKUNTALA is unique in the history of Indian literature."
“《沙恭达罗》是一出七幕戏剧，主要描写了国王豆扇陀和净修女沙恭达罗之间感人而热烈、幸福美好而曲折离奇的爱情故事。这个故事受到各国人民的喜爱。在我国，译介过《沙恭达罗》的有众多译者。其中，季羡林先生的译本是直接根据梵文原文翻译而来。季羡林在先生曾指出，沙恭达罗这一人物形象在印度文学史上是绝无仅有的。”
GITANJALI
《吉檀迦利》
[印度]泰戈尔 著
冰心 译
"GITANJALI is the peak of poetic creation of the great Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore and the work that best represents his ideology and artistic style. Tagore sings about the blight and glory of life, the joys and sorrows of real life in a light and cheerful tone; he expresses his love for his people, motherland and nature. Artistically, Tagore melted philosophy and poetry into one and expressed them in English, bringing his poetic ideas into the pantheon of Western literature."
“《吉檀迦利》是印度大诗人泰戈尔诗歌创作的高峰，也是最能代表他思想观念和艺术风格的作品。泰戈尔以轻快、欢畅的笔调歌唱生命的枯荣、现实生活的欢乐和悲哀；表达了对人民、祖国和自然的热爱。在艺术上，泰戈尔将哲理与诗情熔于一炉，并用英文表达，使他那充满诗意的思想进入西方文学的殿堂。”
03 A Tour @NingboLibrary
“阅”在@甬图
Photos from New Ningbo Library
感兴趣的读者朋友们，快来宁波图书馆（新馆）阅读吧！记得提前上宁波图书馆官网查询，可在新馆三楼外文阅览室阅读。
My dear friends, come and read at Ningbo Library. Check on the Ningbo Library website in advance. Books are currently available for reading in the Foreign Languages Reading Room on the Third Floor.
·文明因交流而多彩，文明因互鉴而丰富·
·Civilizations are enriched by exchanges and mutual learning·
·外文书单·
·Page Turners Land·
